Suif de cerf
Nom INCI : Deer Fat. Aussi : Graisse de cerf.
Calculer un savon 100 % suif de cerf
C’est de la stœchiométrie sur une composition mesurée, pas une supposition, et c’est à peu près aussi bien cerné qu’une valeur publiée : vérifiée contre les 35 huiles du Codex où les deux champs viennent de la même norme, l’erreur médiane de la méthode est de 0,90 % et son 90e centile de 2,74 %, sans biais notable. La page des formules montre le calcul. Si vous avez un certificat d’analyse pour votre lot, entrez sa valeur mesurée dans le calculateur et cette estimation est mise de côté.
Valeurs publiées
| Indice de saponification | non publié |
| Dérivé de la composition | 200,5 ± 3 % mg KOH/g |
| Utilisé par le calculateur | 200,5 mg KOH/g (dérivé) |
| Indice pour le NaOH | 0,1430 g/g |
| Indice d’iode | — |
| INS (SAP − indice d’iode) | — |
| Point de fusion | 42,8–51 °C |
| Matière insaponifiable | — |
Un savon fait à 100 % de suif de cerf
Qualités conventionnelles additionnées à partir des groupes d’acides gras ; un savon à une seule huile est un repère, pas une recette.
Profil d’acides gras
| Acide gras | Plage publiée, % | Utilisé | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acide myristique | C14:0 · saturés | 1,88–5,07 (typique 3,2) | 3,2 |
| Acide palmitique | C16:0 · saturés | 28,4–51,27 (typique 40,1) | 40,1 |
| Acide palmitoléique | C16:1 | 0,84–14,88 (typique 11,9) | 11,9 |
| Acide stéarique | C18:0 · saturés | 6,82–26,16 (typique 12,4) | 12,4 |
| Acide oléique | C18:1 | 10,53–32,04 (typique 28,6) | 28,6 |
| Acide linoléique | C18:2 | 0,76–3,57 (typique 1,8) | 1,8 |
| Acide α-linolénique | C18:3 n-3 | 0,67–2 (typique 2) | 2,0 |
D’où viennent ces nombres
Les notes sourcées ci-dessous, ainsi que les titres des documents qu’elles citent, sont conservées dans leur langue d’origine. Une référence traduite ne peut plus être retrouvée, et un résumé technique traduit n’est plus le résumé qui a été vérifié par rapport au document.
Table 1 'Fatty Acid Compositions of the Animal Oils' (weight %), column 'Sika deer oil' (Japanese Sika deer, Cervus nippon yesoensis, Heude); p.202 text: the oil was provided by Ashoro-town, Hokkaido, and was 95 % TG, 3 % sterol, 1 % polar lipid. The PDF is a scan with no text layer; Table 1 was read from page images rendered with pypdfium2 and transcribed. No saponification value, iodine value or melting point is given for the oil.
Table 4 (open-tube melting point of depot-fat lipids, castrated males and females) and Table 5 (fatty-acid composition, wt %, depot-fat rows); feeding, slaughter and method paragraphs on pp.567-568. Page scan: tables read from page images and transcribed; the English summary on p.573 is in the OCR text layer.
Table 4 (open-tubed melting point and saponification value of depot fats) and Table 5 (fatty-acid composition, %, of subcutaneous, intermuscular, omental and perirenal fat of 3 female deer). Melting points and fatty acids used; the saponification values were read and rejected (three of four are impossible for the fats' own profiles). Page scan: tables read from page images and transcribed.
Table 2, column A.T. (subcutaneous adipose tissue, average of 3 males and 3 females of 16 wild deer shot August-December 1995); the shoulder, round and neck columns are intramuscular (meat) lipids and are not used. Page scan: Table 2 read from page images and transcribed; methods on p.1087.
Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML. Table 6 (fatty-acid composition of fallow deer tallow) and Section 3.1 text (acid value 2.6, saponification value 218.3, iodine value 12.5). Read and not used: the iodine value is impossible for the fat's own profile and the profile carries 9.1 % C15:1.
Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML. Table 1 (fatty-acid composition of red deer fat), Table 5 (melting points) and Section 3.1 (AV 2.04, SV 235.49, PV 7.2, IV 20.8). Read and not used: 21 % linoleic with 3.7 % oleic is not credible for a ruminant depot fat, and the saponification and iodine values disagree with the profile.
SPECIES. Every figure here is from sika deer (Cervus nippon), not from the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that North American makers render: no open-access primary analysis of white-tailed deer depot fat could be found (the adipose-triglyceride study of elk, caribou, moose and white-tailed deer, Can. J. Zool. 1971, DOI 10.1139/z71-176; the white-tailed deer tissue study in Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 1998, DOI 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00029-7; Cordain et al., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601307 - all paywalled, not read, no figure taken); the two open reindeer items found (Soppela, Rangifer 10(3):395, 1990; Soppela & Nieminen, Rangifer Special Issue 4:63, 1990) are one-page abstracts without tables. 'typical' is the rendered Japanese sika deer oil (Cervus nippon yesoensis, Heude) of Fukushima et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63(1):202-205 (1999), Table 1: an oil supplied by Ashoro town, Hokkaido, 95 % triacylglycerol, 3 % sterol, 1 % polar lipid; weight %: 14:0 3.2, 16:0 40.1, 16:1n-7 11.9, 18:0 12.4, 18:1n-9 28.6, 18:2n-6 1.8, 18:3n-3 2.0, 20:4n-6 0.1 (not mapped), 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 not detected; sum 100.1; P/S 0.1, n-6/n-3 0.9, cholesterol 0.2 umol/g oil (one sample, no SD). min/max span that oil and three depot-fat analyses of the same species. (A) Ishida, Ikeda & Takeda 1996, Table 5 (wt %, lipids extracted from perirenal, omental, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat of 3 castrated males and 3 females, 24-29 months, raised from birth on the Miyagi Agricultural College farm, Sendai, on alfalfa hay cubes and beet pulp 6:4 with a little wheat bran, slaughtered July-December 1993), castrates/females: perirenal 14:0 3.59/3.58, 14:1 2.21/2.86, 15:0 3.27/3.66, 16:0 46.29/43.32, 16:1 2.60/3.26, 17:0 2.00/2.63, 18:0 22.23/26.16, 18:1 13.41/10.53, 18:2 3.00/2.61, 18:3 1.41/1.23; omental 4.11/3.96, 1.70/1.65, 2.39/2.14, 48.71/46.62, 4.28/4.88, 2.23/2.24, 19.97/17.13, 13.49/18.20, 2.47/2.37, 0.67/1.11; intermuscular 3.14/3.72, 1.99/2.34, 2.48/3.11, 37.56/39.45, 5.22/4.66, 2.47/2.76, 17.69/22.96, 25.14/17.49, 2.96/2.52, 1.34/1.00; subcutaneous 4.09/3.62, 1.60/1.95, 1.46/1.99, 47.60/41.25, 12.95/9.31, 0.92/2.06, 6.82/13.09, 22.45/24.54, 1.40/1.50, 0.70/0.68 (same acid order; each row sums to 99.8-100.3; the printed UFA column disagrees with its own acids in three rows - subcutaneous castrates 38.10 printed against 39.10, intermuscular castrates 36.42 against 36.65, intermuscular females 29.01 against 28.01 - a slip in the source). (B) Ishida, Oono, Takeda, Ikeda & Saito 1991, Table 5 (same farm and method; 3 females aged 16-64 months fed grass, hay cubes, dairy compound feed and wheat bran, slaughtered September-November 1989), subcutaneous/intermuscular/omental/perirenal: C14:0 3.70/3.94/5.07/3.02, C14:1 1.95/1.80/1.20/1.63, C16:0 39.14/44.69/51.27/48.01, C16:1 14.88/5.29/2.60/0.84, C17:0 0.13/0.18/0.24/0.33, C18:0 7.68/13.80/13.58/25.34, C18:1 32.04/29.43/25.40/18.73, C18:2 0.76/1.05/0.89/2.05, no C18:3 reported (printed subcutaneous TUFA 48.98 against 49.63 from its own acids). (C) Kasai, Yokohama, Inoue & Ishijima 1996, Table 2 column A.T.: subcutaneous adipose tissue of wild Yezo sika deer shot around Abashiri, Hokkaido, August-December 1995, average of 3 males and 3 females: C12:0 0.14, C14:0 1.88, C14:1 1.34, C15:0 0.99, C16:0 28.40, C16:1 4.90, C17:0 0.43, C18:0 21.84, C18:1 30.48, C18:2 3.57, C18:3 1.95, C20:0 0.25, C20:1 0.85, C20:4 0.15, C21:0 0.26, C22:0 0.26, others 3.07 (sum 100.76; the table's TUFA 42.24 is a misprint for the 43.24 the text gives and the acids add to). BOUNDS: myristic 1.88 (C) - 5.07 (B omental); palmitic 28.40 (C) - 51.27 (B omental); palmitoleic 0.84 (B perirenal) - 14.88 (B subcutaneous); stearic 6.82 (A subcutaneous, castrates) - 26.16 (A perirenal, females); oleic 10.53 (A perirenal, females) - 32.04 (B subcutaneous); linoleic 0.76 (B subcutaneous) - 3.57 (C); linolenic 0.67 (A omental, castrates) - 2.0 (the Ashoro oil). The depot papers print totals (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3), mapped to palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic as the Codex-based records do. Not mapped (no key): C14:1, C15:0, C17:0, C20:4, C21:0 and Kasai's 'others', shares above. Kasai's C12:0 0.14, C20:0 0.25, C20:1 0.85 and C22:0 0.26 have keys but are left out: the rendered oil used as 'typical' was analysed for eight acids only, and adding a second sample's minor acids to the typical profile would describe no real fat. WHY DEER TALLOW VARIES: inner fats are harder than outer fat - in (A), stearic 22.23-26.16 % in perirenal fat against 6.82-13.09 % subcutaneous, oleic 10.53-13.41 % against 22.45-24.54 %; rendered trim is a mix, and which depots go into the pot moves the result. The farmed Miyagi deer of (A) and (B) carry far more palmitic acid (37.56-51.27 %) than the wild Yezo deer of (C) (28.40 %). MELTING POINT is the open-tube (rising, i.e. slip) melting point of the lipids extracted from each depot: (A) Table 4, castrates/females, perirenal 48.00/50.50, omental 51.00/50.67, intermuscular 48.00/47.00, subcutaneous 46.00/45.33 C (hematocrit tube held at 2-3 C for over 24 h, then warmed in water until the fat melts and rises); (B) Table 4, subcutaneous 42.8, intermuscular 45.5, omental 48.5, perirenal 47.7 C ('open-tubed melting point'). Range 42.8 (B subcutaneous) to 51.00 (A omental, castrates); the 1996 authors note their depot fats melted 1-3 C higher than the 1991 females'. NO SAPONIFICATION OR IODINE VALUE IS RECORDED. The only deer-fat saponification values in the documents opened are unusable. (B) Table 4 prints 259.30 (subcutaneous), 262.37 (intermuscular), 252.24 (omental) and 196.61 (perirenal) mg KOH/g for the same fats whose Table 5 profiles are all C14-C18 acids; those profiles imply 200-202 (3*56106/(3*M+38.05), M the mass-weighted mean fatty-acid molar mass), so the first three are 25-31 % too high, which no C14-C18 triglyceride can be, and a titration that produced them is not trusted for the fourth either (the authors read the difference as a chain-length difference that their own Table 5 does not show). Novotna et al. 2024 print SAP 218.3 and IV 12.5 g/100 g for a fallow deer tallow whose own profile implies about 203 and 42; Novotna et al. 2025 print SV 235.49 and IV 20.8 for a red deer fat whose own profile implies about 203 and 48. Rejected as internally inconsistent and cited so they stay traceable. The calculator will derive a saponification value from the typical profile (mapped sum 100.0 %) and label it derived. Unsaponifiable matter is not reported in any document opened. ALSO READ AND NOT USED: Novotna, Mokrejs, Pavlackova & Gal, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25(7):4002 (2024): fallow deer (Dama dama) tallow from Venison CZ (Miskovice, Czech Republic), rendered 2 h at 70 C and filtered, Table 6: C13:0 0.8, C14:0 5.4, C14:1 0.5, C14:2 0.3, C14:3 0.5, C15:0 2.0, C15:1 9.1, C16:0 31.8, C16:1 2.2, C16:3 0.5, C16:4 1.2, C17:0 2.7, C17:1 0.6, C17:3 1.2, C18:0 20.3, C18:1 18.6, C18:2 1.4, C20:0 0.9 % (SFA 63.9, MUFA 31.0, PUFA 5.1); acid value 2.6 mg/g - 9.1 % pentadecenoic acid is not credible in a ruminant fat and, with the impossible iodine value, the analysis was set aside. Novotna, Pavlackova, Gal, Siska, Fisera & Mokrejs, Molecules 30(15):3293 (2025): farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) fat from the same processor, rendered 2 h at 70 C, Table 1: C10:0 0.245, C12:0 1.305, C14:0 7.122, unknown 0.410, C14:1 0.956, C15:0 0.528, C15:1 6.362, C16:0 35.551, C16:1 0.349, C17:0 0.993, C18:0 20.898, C18:1 3.734, C18:2 (n6) 21.133, C18:3 (n3) 0.416 % (SFA 66.64, MUFA 11.05, PUFA 21.55) - 21 % linoleic beside 3.7 % oleic is not a ruminant depot fat (rumen biohydrogenation), so the table was set aside; its open-capillary melting point of the pure red deer tallow, 44.68 C (DSC 44.52 C), falls inside the range recorded here but is not used. The four Japanese papers are page scans without a usable text layer for their tables; the tables were read from page images and transcribed. INCI is CosIng's entry for Deer Fat ('the fatty tissue obtained from deer', no species named); CosIng gives it no CAS or EC number.
Cette fiche fait partie de la base d’ingrédients ouverte (ODbL). Vous avez trouvé une erreur ou une meilleure source primaire ? Le jeu de données est sur GitHub ; les corrections accompagnées d’un lien vers un document sont bienvenues.