Sebo de veado
Nome INCI: Deer Fat. Também: Gordura de veado, Sebo de cervo.
Calcular uma barra 100 % sebo de veado
Isso é estequiometria sobre uma composição medida, não um palpite, e é determinado com uma precisão mais ou menos igual à de um valor publicado: na verificação com os 35 óleos do Codex em que os dois campos vêm da mesma norma, o método tem erro mediano de 0,90 % e percentil 90 de 2,74 %, sem viés significativo. A página de fórmulas mostra o cálculo. Se você tem um certificado de análise do seu lote, insira o valor medido na calculadora e esta estimativa é deixada de lado.
Valores publicados
| Índice de saponificação | não publicado |
| Derivado da composição | 200,5 ± 3 % mg KOH/g |
| Usado pela calculadora | 200,5 mg KOH/g (derivado) |
| SAP para NaOH | 0,1430 g/g |
| Índice de iodo | — |
| INS (SAP − índice de iodo) | — |
| Ponto de fusão | 42,8–51 °C |
| Matéria insaponificável | — |
Uma barra 100 % sebo de veado
Qualidades convencionais somadas a partir dos grupos de ácidos graxos; uma barra de um só óleo é um ponto de referência, não uma receita.
Perfil de ácidos graxos
| Ácido graxo | Intervalo publicado, % | Usado | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ácido mirístico | C14:0 · saturados | 1,88–5,07 (típico 3,2) | 3,2 |
| Ácido palmítico | C16:0 · saturados | 28,4–51,27 (típico 40,1) | 40,1 |
| Ácido palmitoleico | C16:1 | 0,84–14,88 (típico 11,9) | 11,9 |
| Ácido esteárico | C18:0 · saturados | 6,82–26,16 (típico 12,4) | 12,4 |
| Ácido oleico | C18:1 | 10,53–32,04 (típico 28,6) | 28,6 |
| Ácido linoleico | C18:2 | 0,76–3,57 (típico 1,8) | 1,8 |
| Ácido α-linolênico | C18:3 n-3 | 0,67–2 (típico 2) | 2,0 |
De onde vêm estes números
As notas com fonte abaixo, e os títulos dos documentos que elas citam, são mantidos no idioma original. Uma citação traduzida não pode ser localizada, e um resumo técnico traduzido não é mais o resumo que foi conferido com o documento.
Table 1 'Fatty Acid Compositions of the Animal Oils' (weight %), column 'Sika deer oil' (Japanese Sika deer, Cervus nippon yesoensis, Heude); p.202 text: the oil was provided by Ashoro-town, Hokkaido, and was 95 % TG, 3 % sterol, 1 % polar lipid. The PDF is a scan with no text layer; Table 1 was read from page images rendered with pypdfium2 and transcribed. No saponification value, iodine value or melting point is given for the oil.
Table 4 (open-tube melting point of depot-fat lipids, castrated males and females) and Table 5 (fatty-acid composition, wt %, depot-fat rows); feeding, slaughter and method paragraphs on pp.567-568. Page scan: tables read from page images and transcribed; the English summary on p.573 is in the OCR text layer.
Table 4 (open-tubed melting point and saponification value of depot fats) and Table 5 (fatty-acid composition, %, of subcutaneous, intermuscular, omental and perirenal fat of 3 female deer). Melting points and fatty acids used; the saponification values were read and rejected (three of four are impossible for the fats' own profiles). Page scan: tables read from page images and transcribed.
Table 2, column A.T. (subcutaneous adipose tissue, average of 3 males and 3 females of 16 wild deer shot August-December 1995); the shoulder, round and neck columns are intramuscular (meat) lipids and are not used. Page scan: Table 2 read from page images and transcribed; methods on p.1087.
Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML. Table 6 (fatty-acid composition of fallow deer tallow) and Section 3.1 text (acid value 2.6, saponification value 218.3, iodine value 12.5). Read and not used: the iodine value is impossible for the fat's own profile and the profile carries 9.1 % C15:1.
Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML. Table 1 (fatty-acid composition of red deer fat), Table 5 (melting points) and Section 3.1 (AV 2.04, SV 235.49, PV 7.2, IV 20.8). Read and not used: 21 % linoleic with 3.7 % oleic is not credible for a ruminant depot fat, and the saponification and iodine values disagree with the profile.
SPECIES. Every figure here is from sika deer (Cervus nippon), not from the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that North American makers render: no open-access primary analysis of white-tailed deer depot fat could be found (the adipose-triglyceride study of elk, caribou, moose and white-tailed deer, Can. J. Zool. 1971, DOI 10.1139/z71-176; the white-tailed deer tissue study in Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 1998, DOI 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00029-7; Cordain et al., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601307 - all paywalled, not read, no figure taken); the two open reindeer items found (Soppela, Rangifer 10(3):395, 1990; Soppela & Nieminen, Rangifer Special Issue 4:63, 1990) are one-page abstracts without tables. 'typical' is the rendered Japanese sika deer oil (Cervus nippon yesoensis, Heude) of Fukushima et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63(1):202-205 (1999), Table 1: an oil supplied by Ashoro town, Hokkaido, 95 % triacylglycerol, 3 % sterol, 1 % polar lipid; weight %: 14:0 3.2, 16:0 40.1, 16:1n-7 11.9, 18:0 12.4, 18:1n-9 28.6, 18:2n-6 1.8, 18:3n-3 2.0, 20:4n-6 0.1 (not mapped), 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 not detected; sum 100.1; P/S 0.1, n-6/n-3 0.9, cholesterol 0.2 umol/g oil (one sample, no SD). min/max span that oil and three depot-fat analyses of the same species. (A) Ishida, Ikeda & Takeda 1996, Table 5 (wt %, lipids extracted from perirenal, omental, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat of 3 castrated males and 3 females, 24-29 months, raised from birth on the Miyagi Agricultural College farm, Sendai, on alfalfa hay cubes and beet pulp 6:4 with a little wheat bran, slaughtered July-December 1993), castrates/females: perirenal 14:0 3.59/3.58, 14:1 2.21/2.86, 15:0 3.27/3.66, 16:0 46.29/43.32, 16:1 2.60/3.26, 17:0 2.00/2.63, 18:0 22.23/26.16, 18:1 13.41/10.53, 18:2 3.00/2.61, 18:3 1.41/1.23; omental 4.11/3.96, 1.70/1.65, 2.39/2.14, 48.71/46.62, 4.28/4.88, 2.23/2.24, 19.97/17.13, 13.49/18.20, 2.47/2.37, 0.67/1.11; intermuscular 3.14/3.72, 1.99/2.34, 2.48/3.11, 37.56/39.45, 5.22/4.66, 2.47/2.76, 17.69/22.96, 25.14/17.49, 2.96/2.52, 1.34/1.00; subcutaneous 4.09/3.62, 1.60/1.95, 1.46/1.99, 47.60/41.25, 12.95/9.31, 0.92/2.06, 6.82/13.09, 22.45/24.54, 1.40/1.50, 0.70/0.68 (same acid order; each row sums to 99.8-100.3; the printed UFA column disagrees with its own acids in three rows - subcutaneous castrates 38.10 printed against 39.10, intermuscular castrates 36.42 against 36.65, intermuscular females 29.01 against 28.01 - a slip in the source). (B) Ishida, Oono, Takeda, Ikeda & Saito 1991, Table 5 (same farm and method; 3 females aged 16-64 months fed grass, hay cubes, dairy compound feed and wheat bran, slaughtered September-November 1989), subcutaneous/intermuscular/omental/perirenal: C14:0 3.70/3.94/5.07/3.02, C14:1 1.95/1.80/1.20/1.63, C16:0 39.14/44.69/51.27/48.01, C16:1 14.88/5.29/2.60/0.84, C17:0 0.13/0.18/0.24/0.33, C18:0 7.68/13.80/13.58/25.34, C18:1 32.04/29.43/25.40/18.73, C18:2 0.76/1.05/0.89/2.05, no C18:3 reported (printed subcutaneous TUFA 48.98 against 49.63 from its own acids). (C) Kasai, Yokohama, Inoue & Ishijima 1996, Table 2 column A.T.: subcutaneous adipose tissue of wild Yezo sika deer shot around Abashiri, Hokkaido, August-December 1995, average of 3 males and 3 females: C12:0 0.14, C14:0 1.88, C14:1 1.34, C15:0 0.99, C16:0 28.40, C16:1 4.90, C17:0 0.43, C18:0 21.84, C18:1 30.48, C18:2 3.57, C18:3 1.95, C20:0 0.25, C20:1 0.85, C20:4 0.15, C21:0 0.26, C22:0 0.26, others 3.07 (sum 100.76; the table's TUFA 42.24 is a misprint for the 43.24 the text gives and the acids add to). BOUNDS: myristic 1.88 (C) - 5.07 (B omental); palmitic 28.40 (C) - 51.27 (B omental); palmitoleic 0.84 (B perirenal) - 14.88 (B subcutaneous); stearic 6.82 (A subcutaneous, castrates) - 26.16 (A perirenal, females); oleic 10.53 (A perirenal, females) - 32.04 (B subcutaneous); linoleic 0.76 (B subcutaneous) - 3.57 (C); linolenic 0.67 (A omental, castrates) - 2.0 (the Ashoro oil). The depot papers print totals (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3), mapped to palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic as the Codex-based records do. Not mapped (no key): C14:1, C15:0, C17:0, C20:4, C21:0 and Kasai's 'others', shares above. Kasai's C12:0 0.14, C20:0 0.25, C20:1 0.85 and C22:0 0.26 have keys but are left out: the rendered oil used as 'typical' was analysed for eight acids only, and adding a second sample's minor acids to the typical profile would describe no real fat. WHY DEER TALLOW VARIES: inner fats are harder than outer fat - in (A), stearic 22.23-26.16 % in perirenal fat against 6.82-13.09 % subcutaneous, oleic 10.53-13.41 % against 22.45-24.54 %; rendered trim is a mix, and which depots go into the pot moves the result. The farmed Miyagi deer of (A) and (B) carry far more palmitic acid (37.56-51.27 %) than the wild Yezo deer of (C) (28.40 %). MELTING POINT is the open-tube (rising, i.e. slip) melting point of the lipids extracted from each depot: (A) Table 4, castrates/females, perirenal 48.00/50.50, omental 51.00/50.67, intermuscular 48.00/47.00, subcutaneous 46.00/45.33 C (hematocrit tube held at 2-3 C for over 24 h, then warmed in water until the fat melts and rises); (B) Table 4, subcutaneous 42.8, intermuscular 45.5, omental 48.5, perirenal 47.7 C ('open-tubed melting point'). Range 42.8 (B subcutaneous) to 51.00 (A omental, castrates); the 1996 authors note their depot fats melted 1-3 C higher than the 1991 females'. NO SAPONIFICATION OR IODINE VALUE IS RECORDED. The only deer-fat saponification values in the documents opened are unusable. (B) Table 4 prints 259.30 (subcutaneous), 262.37 (intermuscular), 252.24 (omental) and 196.61 (perirenal) mg KOH/g for the same fats whose Table 5 profiles are all C14-C18 acids; those profiles imply 200-202 (3*56106/(3*M+38.05), M the mass-weighted mean fatty-acid molar mass), so the first three are 25-31 % too high, which no C14-C18 triglyceride can be, and a titration that produced them is not trusted for the fourth either (the authors read the difference as a chain-length difference that their own Table 5 does not show). Novotna et al. 2024 print SAP 218.3 and IV 12.5 g/100 g for a fallow deer tallow whose own profile implies about 203 and 42; Novotna et al. 2025 print SV 235.49 and IV 20.8 for a red deer fat whose own profile implies about 203 and 48. Rejected as internally inconsistent and cited so they stay traceable. The calculator will derive a saponification value from the typical profile (mapped sum 100.0 %) and label it derived. Unsaponifiable matter is not reported in any document opened. ALSO READ AND NOT USED: Novotna, Mokrejs, Pavlackova & Gal, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25(7):4002 (2024): fallow deer (Dama dama) tallow from Venison CZ (Miskovice, Czech Republic), rendered 2 h at 70 C and filtered, Table 6: C13:0 0.8, C14:0 5.4, C14:1 0.5, C14:2 0.3, C14:3 0.5, C15:0 2.0, C15:1 9.1, C16:0 31.8, C16:1 2.2, C16:3 0.5, C16:4 1.2, C17:0 2.7, C17:1 0.6, C17:3 1.2, C18:0 20.3, C18:1 18.6, C18:2 1.4, C20:0 0.9 % (SFA 63.9, MUFA 31.0, PUFA 5.1); acid value 2.6 mg/g - 9.1 % pentadecenoic acid is not credible in a ruminant fat and, with the impossible iodine value, the analysis was set aside. Novotna, Pavlackova, Gal, Siska, Fisera & Mokrejs, Molecules 30(15):3293 (2025): farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) fat from the same processor, rendered 2 h at 70 C, Table 1: C10:0 0.245, C12:0 1.305, C14:0 7.122, unknown 0.410, C14:1 0.956, C15:0 0.528, C15:1 6.362, C16:0 35.551, C16:1 0.349, C17:0 0.993, C18:0 20.898, C18:1 3.734, C18:2 (n6) 21.133, C18:3 (n3) 0.416 % (SFA 66.64, MUFA 11.05, PUFA 21.55) - 21 % linoleic beside 3.7 % oleic is not a ruminant depot fat (rumen biohydrogenation), so the table was set aside; its open-capillary melting point of the pure red deer tallow, 44.68 C (DSC 44.52 C), falls inside the range recorded here but is not used. The four Japanese papers are page scans without a usable text layer for their tables; the tables were read from page images and transcribed. INCI is CosIng's entry for Deer Fat ('the fatty tissue obtained from deer', no species named); CosIng gives it no CAS or EC number.
Este registro faz parte do banco de dados aberto de ingredientes (ODbL). Encontrou um erro ou uma fonte primária melhor? O conjunto de dados está no GitHub; correções com link para um documento são bem-vindas.