Mowrah Butter
Also: Mahua butter, Mahua oil, Mowrah fat, Mee fat, Madhuca longifolia seed fat, Madhuca latifolia seed fat, Bassia latifolia seed butter.
Published values
| Saponification value | 187–196 mg KOH/g |
| Used by the calculator | 191.5 mg KOH/g (midpoint) |
| SAP for NaOH | 0.1365 g/g |
| Iodine value | 58–70 g I₂/100 g (typical 61.1) |
| INS (SAP − IV) | 130 |
| Melting point | 35.5 °C |
| Unsaponifiable matter | ≤ 2 % |
A bar made of 100 % Mowrah Butter
Conventional qualities summed from the fatty-acid groups; a single-oil bar is a reference point, not a recipe.
Fatty-acid profile
| Fatty acid | Published range, % | Used | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myristic acid | C14:0 · saturated | ≤ 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Palmitic acid | C16:0 · saturated | 20–28.2 (typical 20.88) | 20.9 |
| Stearic acid | C18:0 · saturated | 14–38 (typical 22.05) | 22.1 |
| Oleic acid | C18:1 | 37–50 (typical 44.02) | 44.0 |
| Linoleic acid | C18:2 | 2–15.8 (typical 7.85) | 7.9 |
| α-Linolenic acid | C18:3 n-3 | ≤ 1 | 1.0 |
| Arachidic acid | C20:0 · saturated | ≤ 3 | 3.0 |
Where these numbers come from
Table 1 (iodine value, slip melting point) and Table 2 (fatty acids) for the native fat (MF).
Mahua oil (refined): refractive index 1.4590-1.4611 at 40 C, saponification value 187-196, iodine value 58-70, unsaponifiable matter not more than 2.0 %, acid value not more than 0.50.
Datasets #22003 (1984), #20785 (1969), #22594 (1968), #10003 (1971) and #12918 (unsaponifiables, 1974).
Datasets #15197 (1976), #22002 (1984), #20781 (1969), #22593 (1968), #22441 (1968) and #10002 (1971).
Dataset #23577 (2010) used; #12466 (1991) not used (see notes).
The seed fat of Madhuca longifolia (mee, illupai) and M. longifolia var. latifolia (syn. M. latifolia, M. indica, Bassia latifolia; mahua of north India); both are traded as mowrah or mahua butter. Typical values are Marikkar, Ghazali & Long 2010 (J. Oleo Sci. 59(1):7-14), mee fat from three locations in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: Table 2 C16:0 20.88 +/- 1.51, C18:0 22.05 +/- 0.9, C18:1 44.02 +/- 1.1, C18:2 7.85 +/- 0.77 (saturated 43.4, unsaturated 51.85; only these four acids are reported, 94.8 % in total); Table 1 iodine value 61.1 +/- 0.35 g I2/100 g and slip melting point 35.5 +/- 0.5 C. (The paper's acetone fractions are different materials: solid fraction 25.28/29.01/38.38/5.72, iodine 47.05, slip melting point 46.5 C; liquid fraction 19.28/16.2/53.12/9.61, iodine 64.4, cloud point 10.5 C.) Saponification value 187-196, iodine value 58-70 and unsaponifiable matter not more than 2.0 % are the FSSAI standard for 'Mahua oil' (Chapter 2.2, 2.2.1 item 5: 'the oil expressed from clean and sound seeds or nuts of Madhuca (Bassi latifolia or B. longifolia or a mixture of both)', which 'shall be refined'), which also sets refractive index 1.4590-1.4611 at 40 C and acid value not more than 0.50. Ranges add PlantFAdb's datasets (order in each: palmitic, linoleic, oleic, stearic). M. longifolia: 'Butter from plants' (1984) 28.2, 8.9, 48.8, 14.1; 'Fette und Lipoide' (1969) 28.0, 8.0, 50.0, 14.0; 'New tropical seed oils 2' (1968) 22.0, 2.0, 37.0, 38.0, C20:0 1.0; Tropical Products Institute (1971) 28.0, 9.0, 49.0, 14.0. M. latifolia: 'Analysis of edible fats' (1976) 20.0, 11.0, 44.0, 22.0, C20:0 3.0; 'Butter from plants' (1984) and 'Studies in interesterification II' (1968), identical: C14:0 0.2, 23.5, 15.4, 39.3, 21.6; 'Fette und Lipoide' (1969) 23.7, 15.8, 38.5, 22.0, C18:3 0.0; 'New tropical seed oils 2' (1968) 21.0, 15.0, 38.0, 25.0, C18:3 1.0; Tropical Products Institute (1971) 23.7, 13.7, 43.3, 19.3. M. indica (a 2010 non-edible-oil paper): 24.5, 14.3, 37.0, 22.7. Not used: a 1991 M. indica dataset reporting 17.9 % '18:3' and no 18:2 (probably linoleic acid mislabelled) and a 1977 Bassia latifolia dataset whose values sum to 104.3 %. The typical unsaponifiable matter (1.11 %) is PlantFAdb's M. longifolia entry from a 1974 sterol study. The stearic range (14-38 %) reflects real differences between the analyses; the 38 % is one 1968 M. longifolia sample. Check: the typical profile (four acids) implies about 194 mg KOH/g, inside the FSSAI range. INCI left for review: CosIng has both 'Madhuca Longifolia Seed Oil' (fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Madhuca longifolia, Sapotaceae) and 'Bassia Latifolia Seed Butter' (whose CosIng description puts Bassia latifolia in Chenopodiaceae), and which one applies depends on the material sold.
This record is part of the open ingredient database (ODbL). Found an error or a better primary source? The dataset is on GitHub; corrections with a document link are welcome.