Paranussöl

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The saponification range is two independent titrations on different Brazilian lots: 178.5 +/- 0.05 mg KOH/g in Muniz et al. 2015 (Pharmacognosy Magazine 11(41):147-151, DOI 10.4103/0973-1296.149730, AOCS methods plus Brazilian pharmacopoeial assays) and 191.62 mg KOH/g in Schons et al. 2017 (Interciencia 42(9):586-590, ultrasound-assisted hexane extraction). Muniz et al. additionally report 198.5 mg KOH/g from Ferreira et al. for a third lot; that document was not read here, so it is mentioned rather than used. The iodine range comes from the same two papers, 95.0 and 85.8 g I2/100 g. Schons et al. attribute their lower figure to unsaturations degraded by the ultrasound step and cite 97.8 and 93.5 from two pressing studies, so the upper end is the more representative one for a pressed oil. The fatty-acid profile takes typical from Muniz et al. Table 2, the fuller of the two at eleven acids by GC, with min/max widened to include the EMBRAPA Brazil-nut chapter's table (Nascimento and Carvalho, 'Plantas para o Futuro - Regiao Norte', MMA 2022, Table 2, after Chunhieng et al. 2004: lauric 0.2, myristic 0.2, palmitic 13.0, palmitoleic 0.2, stearic 11.0, oleic 39.3, linoleic 36.1). Undecylic acid (C11:0, 0.0943 %) and margaric acid (C17:0, 0.0766 %) are dropped for want of a schema key, but that is not why the profile is short: Muniz et al.'s eleven acids only account for about 96 % of the fat by their own arithmetic, since they report 25.55 % saturated and 70.19 % unsaturated. The profile here therefore sums to 95.9 % and the missing 4 % is unidentified in the source rather than lost in transcription. The published pair is internally a little loose. The recorded composition implies 193 mg KOH/g and 92 g I2/100 g by stoichiometry; the iodine values agree well, but the 178.5 end of the saponification range sits about 8 % below what the composition supports, and on the evidence it is Muniz et al.'s titration that looks low against their own chromatogram rather than the chromatogram that looks wrong. The midpoint the calculator uses, 185.1, lands within about 4 % of the composition-derived figure, so no consistency flag fires, but a maker who wants a single number should lean towards the upper half of the range rather than the lower. For soap this behaves as a soft, linoleic-rich oil with an unusually large stearic fraction for a nut oil at 10-11 %, about the same as its palmitic, so it firms a bar more than its roughly 70 % unsaturation would suggest. It is also a fast-rancidity oil - the EMBRAPA chapter says flatly that it 'se rancifica facilmente' - and the peroxide values in both papers, 12.0 and 5.74 meq/kg, were measured on fresh unrefined oil, which is a poor starting point for a long cure. Unsaponifiable matter and melting point are published in none of the three documents read, so both are null. INCI not verified against CosIng in this session.

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