Olio di menhaden
Nome INCI: Menhaden Oil.
Valori pubblicati
| Indice di saponificazione | 180–200 mg KOH/g |
| Usato dal calcolatore | 190,0 mg KOH/g (punto medio) |
| SAP per NaOH | 0,1354 g/g |
| Numero di iodio | ≥ 120 g I₂/100 g |
| INS (SAP − numero di iodio) | 70 |
| Punto di fusione | — |
| Sostanze insaponificabili | ≤ 1,5 % |
Una saponetta 100 % olio di menhaden
Qualità convenzionali sommate a partire dai gruppi di acidi grassi; una saponetta di un solo olio è un punto di riferimento, non una ricetta.
Profilo degli acidi grassi
| Acido grasso | Intervallo pubblicato, % | Usato | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acido miristico | C14:0 · saturi | 8–11 | 9,5 |
| Acido palmitico | C16:0 · saturi | 18–20 | 19,0 |
| Acido palmitoleico | C16:1 | 9–13 | 11,0 |
| Acido stearico | C18:0 · saturi | 2,5–4 | 3,3 |
| Acido oleico | C18:1 | 5,5–8,5 | 7,0 |
| Acido linoleico | C18:2 | 2–3,5 | 2,8 |
| Acido α-linolenico | C18:3 n-3 | 0–2 | 1,0 |
| Acido γ-linolenico | C18:3 n-6 | 0–2,5 | 1,3 |
| Acido stearidonico | C18:4 n-3 | 1,5–3 | 2,3 |
| Acido arachidico | C20:0 · saturi | 0,1–0,5 | 0,3 |
| Acido gadoleico | C20:1 | 0,5–2 | 1,3 |
| Acido erucico | C22:1 | 0,1–0,5 | 0,3 |
Da dove vengono questi numeri
Le note con fonte qui sotto, e i titoli dei documenti che citano, restano nella lingua originale. Una citazione tradotta non si può rintracciare, e un riassunto tecnico tradotto non è più il riassunto che è stato verificato sul documento.
Table 1 'Fatty acid (FA) composition of named fish oil and fish liver oil categories as determined by gas liquid chromatography from authentic samples (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids)', column 'Menhaden (Section 2.1.4)'; Sections 2.1.4 (definition), 2.2, 3.1 and 3.3.1. FAO's own PDF, read from the Internet Archive capture (2025-10-06) of the FAO link https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B329-2017%252FCXS_329e.pdf, which itself returns a Cloudflare challenge (HTTP 403); workspace.fao.org redirects to a Microsoft login. The 2025-11-26 capture is byte-identical. Title page: 'Adopted in 2017. Amended in 2021 and 2024.' Table read from pdftotext -raw (one row per line) and checked against -layout, where the column's 23 values appear in the same order; a -enc UTF-8 extraction was used for the symbols (gamma, <=, >=) the Latin-1 text drops.
Paragraph (a)(2) specifications for refined menhaden oil (genus Brevoortia): saponification value between 180 and 200 (AOCS Cd 3-25); iodine number not less than 120 (AOCS Cd 1d-92); unsaponifiable matter not more than 1.5 percent (AOCS Ca 6b-53). Source of sapKohMgPerG, iodineValue and unsaponifiablePercent. Paragraph (b), hydrogenated menhaden oil, not used.
Codex's own document on the fishmeal and fish oil trade body's site. Cross-check only: all 23 values in the 'Menhaden (Section 2.1.4)' column of its Table 1 are identical to the 2024 text (the 2024 amendment added a calanus-oil column and changed nothing in the other columns).
Fatty acids from Codex CXS 329-2017 Standard for Fish Oils (adopted 2017, amended 2021 and 2024), Table 1 (GLC ranges, percentage of total fatty acids, 'from authentic samples'), column 'Menhaden (Section 2.1.4)'. Section 2.1.4: 'Menhaden oil is derived from the genera Brevootia [sic, Brevoortia] and Ethmidium (Clupeidae).' Section 3.1: oils described in Sections 2.1 and 2.3 'shall fall within the appropriate ranges specified in Table 1'. The column as printed: C14:0 myristic 8.0-11.0; C15:0 pentadecanoic ND-1.0; C16:0 palmitic 18.0-20.0; C16:1 (n-7) palmitoleic 9.0-13.0; C17:0 heptadecanoic ND-1.0; C18:0 stearic 2.5-4.0; C18:1 (n-7) vaccenic 2.5-3.5; C18:1 (n-9) oleic 5.5-8.5; C18:2 (n-6) linoleic 2.0-3.5; C18:3 (n-3) linolenic ND-2.0; C18:3 (n-6) gamma-linolenic ND-2.5; C18:4 (n-3) stearidonic 1.5-3.0; C20:0 arachidic 0.1-0.5; C20:1 (n-9) eicosenoic ND-0.5; C20:1 (n-11) eicosenoic 0.5-2.0; C20:4 (n-6) arachidonic ND-2.0; C20:4 (n-3) eicosatetraenoic NA; C20:5 (n-3) eicosapentaenoic 12.5-19.0; C21:5 (n-3) heneicosapentaenoic 0.5-1.0; C22:1 (n-9) erucic 0.1-0.5; C22:1 (n-11) cetoleic ND-0.1; C22:5 (n-3) docosapentaenoic 2.0-3.0; C22:6 (n-3) docosahexaenoic 5.0-11.5. ND = non-detectable, defined as <=0.05 %; NA = not applicable or available. 'ND-x' is stored as min 0, max x, as the CXS 210 records do. The original 2017 print (copy hosted by IFFO) has the same 23 values in this column. Isomers: oleic = C18:1 (n-9) only; gadoleic = C20:1 (n-11) only; erucic = C22:1 (n-9) only; linolenic = C18:3 (n-3); gammaLinolenic = C18:3 (n-6), printed as gamma-linolenic acid; stearidonic = C18:4 (n-3). NOT MAPPED (no schema key), as printed: EPA C20:5 (n-3) 12.5-19.0; DHA C22:6 (n-3) 5.0-11.5; DPA C22:5 (n-3) 2.0-3.0; cis-vaccenic acid C18:1 (n-7) 2.5-3.5; arachidonic C20:4 (n-6) ND-2.0; heneicosapentaenoic C21:5 (n-3) 0.5-1.0; gondoic acid C20:1 (n-9) ND-0.5; cetoleic acid C22:1 (n-11) ND-0.1; pentadecanoic C15:0 ND-1.0; heptadecanoic C17:0 ND-1.0. At range midpoints the mapped acids total 58.85 % and the unmapped rows 32.55 %; all printed rows reach only 91.4 %, so about 9 % of the oil is in acids the Codex table does not list at all. Soap-quality figures computed from this profile describe only the mapped 59 %. THIS IS MENHADEN OIL, NOT 'FISH OIL' IN GENERAL: CXS 329 gives compositional ranges only for named oils (anchovy, tuna, krill, menhaden, salmon, calanus, cod liver); 'fish oils (unnamed)' (Section 2.2, one or more species) have no ranges, so there is no primary profile for a generic fish oil, and species ranges are not blended here. Menhaden was chosen among the named oils because a primary document also publishes its saponification and iodine values. SAP, IODINE VALUE AND UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER from the US regulation 21 CFR 184.1472(a) 'Menhaden oil' (prepared from fish of the genus Brevoortia by cooking and pressing, then refined by winterization, optional degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization; 'Winterization may separate the oil and produce a solid fraction'): saponification value between 180 and 200 (AOCS Cd 3-25); iodine number not less than 120 (AOCS Cd 1d-92, cyclohexane-acetic acid method); unsaponifiable matter not more than 1.5 percent (AOCS Ca 6b-53); also free fatty acids not more than 0.1 percent, peroxide value not more than 5 meq/kg, lead not more than 0.1 ppm, mercury not more than 0.5 ppm, color and state 'Yellow liquid to white solid'. The regulation covers Brevoortia only; Codex also admits Ethmidium. Paragraph (b) of the same section specifies hydrogenated menhaden oil (opaque white solid; saponification value 180-200, iodine number not more than 4, unsaponifiable matter not more than 1.5 percent), a different material that is not used here. Codex itself prints no saponification value, iodine value or unsaponifiable matter; its limits are acid value <= 3 mg KOH/g, peroxide value <= 5 meq active oxygen/kg, anisidine value <= 20 and ToTox <= 26 (Section 3.3.1). USP29-NF24 has no fish-oil or menhaden monograph (the mirror's search for 'Fish Oil', 'Menhaden' and 'Omega' returns nothing). meltingPointC is null: neither document prints a melting point. Consistency: the mapped acids alone, renormalised, imply about 205 mg KOH/g, 7.4 % above the published midpoint of 190, because EPA, DHA and DPA are unmapped; all printed rows at their midpoints imply about 193, within 2 %. INCI, CAS and EC are CosIng's entry for Menhaden Oil ('the oil obtained from the small North Atlantic fish, Brevoortia tyrannus'). CosIng also carries Brevoortia Oil under the same CAS and EC numbers, so either name may appear on a label.
Questa scheda fa parte della database aperto degli ingredienti (ODbL). Hai trovato un errore o una fonte primaria migliore? Il dataset è su GitHub; le correzioni con il link a un documento sono benvenute.