Apple Seed Oil
INCI Pyrus Malus Seed Oil. CAS 85251-63-4; EC 286-475-7, as CosIng gives them. Also: Pyrus malus seed oil, Malus domestica seed oil, Apple pip oil.
Calculate a 100 % Apple Seed Oil bar
That is stoichiometry on a measured composition rather than a guess, and it is about as well determined as a published figure: checked against the 36 Codex oils where both fields come from the same standard, the method's median error is 0.84 % and its 90th percentile 2.44 %, and it runs slightly high, by 0.55 % on average. The formula page shows the working. If you have a certificate of analysis for your lot, enter its measured value in the calculator and this estimate is set aside.
Published values
| Saponification value | not published |
| Derived from composition | 191.9 ± 3 % mg KOH/g |
| Used by the calculator | 191.9 mg KOH/g (derived) |
| SAP for NaOH | 0.1368 g/g |
| Iodine value | 121–127 g I₂/100 g |
| INS (SAP − IV) | 68 |
| Melting point | — |
| Unsaponifiable matter | — |
A bar made of 100 % Apple Seed Oil
Conventional qualities summed from the fatty-acid groups; a single-oil bar is a reference point, not a recipe.
How much lye
| Oil | NaOH | KOH |
|---|---|---|
| 500 g | 65.0 g | 91.1 g |
| 1 kg | 129.9 g | 182.3 g |
| 1 lb (454 g) | 58.9 g | 82.7 g |
| 2 lb (907 g) | 117.9 g | 165.4 g |
For this oil alone at 5 % superfat, with pure sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or pure potassium hydroxide (KOH); in brackets, across the published range of its saponification value. KOH is usually sold at 90 %: divide by 0.9. For a whole recipe, open the calculator.
Fatty-acid profile
Saturated : unsaturated 11 : 89
| Fatty acid | Published range, % | Used | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palmitic acid | C16:0 · saturated | 5.68–9.73 | 7.7 |
| Palmitoleic acid | C16:1 | 0–0.17 | 0.1 |
| Stearic acid | C18:0 · saturated | 1.27–2.22 | 1.7 |
| Oleic acid | C18:1 | 21.76–35.22 | 28.5 |
| Linoleic acid | C18:2 | 50.04–66.73 | 58.4 |
| α-Linolenic acid | C18:3 n-3 | 0–0.87 | 0.4 |
| Arachidic acid | C20:0 · saturated | 0.96–1.48 | 1.2 |
| Gadoleic acid | C20:1 | 0.27–0.9 | 0.6 |
| Behenic acid | C22:0 · saturated | 0.19–0.4 | 0.3 |
| Lignoceric acid | C24:0 · saturated | 0–0.21 | 0.1 |
Where these numbers come from
Section 2.3 (Soxhlet n-hexane, ISO 12966-2/-4 GC-FID) and supplementary Table S1 ('The oil content and fatty acid composition of apple cultivars', 75 rows), read from 'Table S1.pdf' in foods-10-01956-s001.zip as served by https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC8392653/supplementaryFiles
Iodine values (Wijs) 127.0, 122.0, 121.0 for Granny Smith, Sturmer and Dougherty; fatty acids quoted in notes.
Fatty acids are supplementary Table S1 of Fotiric Aksic et al. 2021 (Foods 10(8):1956, open access): seeds of 75 apple cultivars (mostly traditional Norwegian ones) from a single collection orchard in western Norway (Hjeltnes, Hardanger; 2017 and 2018 harvests), oil Soxhlet-extracted with n-hexane, FAMEs by ISO 12966-2/-4, GC-FID on a 100 m CP-Sil 88 column. Min/max are the lowest and highest of the 75 cultivars: palmitic 5.68-9.73, palmitoleic <0.01-0.17, stearic 1.27-2.22, oleic 21.76-35.22, linoleic 50.04-66.73, alpha-linolenic <0.01-0.87, arachidic 0.96-1.48, 11-eicosenoic 0.27-0.90, behenic 0.19-0.40, lignoceric <0.01-0.21 %; '<0.01' is stored as a minimum of 0. Acids with no key reach at most: heptadecanoic 0.16, cis-10-heptadecenoic 0.11, eicosadienoic 0.25, arachidonic 0.27, heneicosanoic 0.37 and docosahexaenoic 0.74 % (the last two are unusual in a seed oil and are the paper's identifications). Every cultivar's row sums to 99.86-100.30 %; oil content 7.73-22.10 % of the seed. The table was read from 'Table S1.pdf' in the supplementary archive (foods-10-01956-s001.zip) that Europe PMC serves for this article, with each value assigned to its column by printed position because the PDF's text layer runs the columns together; the assignment was checked against the rendered pages. The paper's main text summarises the same data inconsistently (linoleic '59.37-67.94 %' in one place, 'from 50 % to 66 %' in another); the table is used. IODINE VALUE: PlantFAdb datasets #14495-#14497, 'Seed oils of apples (Malus pumila)' (1971), New Zealand cultivars Granny Smith 127.0, Sturmer 122.0 and Dougherty 121.0 g I2/100 g (Wijs), with compositions close to the Norwegian range (palmitic 4.8-7.0, oleic 24.4-34.6, linoleic 56.1-64.1 %). SAPONIFICATION VALUE is blank: none of these documents prints one; the band midpoints imply about 192 mg KOH/g. FOR SOAP: a mid-to-high linoleic oil (50-67 %) with a quarter to a third oleic - soft, conditioning, moderate shelf life; a superfat or small-percentage oil. INCI name, CAS and EC numbers are CosIng's (CosIng still names apple Pyrus malus).
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