Macaúba Pulp Oil
Also: Macauba pulp oil, Macauba mesocarp oil, Bocaiuva pulp oil, Macaw palm pulp oil, Acrocomia aculeata pulp oil.
Published values
| Saponification value | 210.5 mg KOH/g |
| Used by the calculator | 210.5 mg KOH/g (typical) |
| SAP for NaOH | 0.1501 g/g |
| Iodine value | 75.43 g I₂/100 g |
| INS (SAP − IV) | 135 |
| Melting point | — |
| Unsaponifiable matter | — |
A bar made of 100 % Macaúba Pulp Oil
Conventional qualities summed from the fatty-acid groups; a single-oil bar is a reference point, not a recipe.
Fatty-acid profile
| Fatty acid | Published range, % | Used | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caprylic acid | C8:0 · saturated | 0.09–0.45 | 0.3 |
| Capric acid | C10:0 · saturated | 0.03–0.27 | 0.2 |
| Lauric acid | C12:0 · saturated | 0.09–1.97 | 1.0 |
| Myristic acid | C14:0 · saturated | 0.03–0.45 | 0.2 |
| Palmitic acid | C16:0 · saturated | 10.1–27.77 | 18.9 |
| Palmitoleic acid | C16:1 | 0.6–6.9 | 3.8 |
| Stearic acid | C18:0 · saturated | 0.5–5.92 | 3.2 |
| Oleic acid | C18:1 | 50–70 | 60.0 |
| Linoleic acid | C18:2 | 5.1–20 | 12.6 |
| α-Linolenic acid | C18:3 n-3 | 0.8–3.09 | 1.9 |
| Arachidic acid | C20:0 · saturated | ≤ 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Gadoleic acid | C20:1 | ≤ 0.3 | 0.3 |
Where these numbers come from
Table 3 (fatty-acid profile of pulp oil, incl. the Antoniassi et al. 2013 range column). Read from word coordinates.
Pulp columns of Table 1 (saponification 210.50, iodine 75.43) and Table 2 (fatty acids). Read from word coordinates.
Table 2 (fatty acids by extraction solvent). Read from word coordinates.
The orange, high-oleic oil of the fruit pulp (mesocarp); the kernel gives a separate lauric oil. Fatty-acid ranges start from Antoniassi et al. 2020 (Rev. Bras. Frutic. 42(6):e-796; Embrapa), Table 3: the range for Brazilian genotypes from Antoniassi et al. (2013) printed in the table's fourth column - C14:0 0.03-0.18, C16:0 10.1-25.3, C16:1 0.6-6.9, C18:0 0.5-5.5, C18:1 50-70, C18:2 7.2-20, C20:0 0-0.2, C18:3 0.8-2.1, C20:1 0.02-0.22 - and the three sweet genotypes measured there, Mac 1 and Mac 3: C14:0 0.4/0.1, C15:0 0.05/nq, C16:0 22.1/22.8, C16:1 2.4/5.0, C17:0 0.07/nq, C17:1 0.1/0-0.1, C18:0 1.9/1.1, C18:1 58.1/62.5, C18:2 12.4/7.5, C20:0 0.2/0-0.1, C18:3 1.6/0.8, C20:1 0-0.3/nq. Mac 2 (C18:1 36.4, C18:2 35.0, C18:3 7.1) is a high-linoleic genotype the authors single out as unusual; it is left out of the ranges. In that paper C18:1 is 'the sum of C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 cis-11', so here 'oleic' includes vaccenic acid. The ranges are widened by two directly measured oils: Hiane et al. 2005 (Braz. J. Food Technol. 8(3):256-259), fresh-pulp oil from Mato Grosso do Sul, Table 2 (re-read from word coordinates): C8:0 0.45, C10:0 0.27, C12:0 1.97, C14:0 0.45, C16:0 15.96, C16:1 1.01, C18:0 5.92, C18:1 65.87, C18:2 5.10, C18:3 2.52, C20:0 0.50; and Trentini, Oliveira, Zanette & Silva 2016 (Ciencia Rural 46(4):725-731), fruits from Cariri, Ceara, low-pressure solvent extraction with ethyl acetate/n-hexane/isopropanol, Table 2: C8:0 0.27/0.13/0.09, C10:0 0.04/0.06/0.03, C12:0 0.09/0.11/0.11, C14:0 0.22/0.18/0.18, C16:0 27.77/27.39/27.24, C18:0 1.81/1.80/2.48, C18:1 61.03/61.15/60.17, C18:2 5.79/6.34/5.72, C18:3 2.96/2.81/3.09 (palmitoleic not reported). Saponification value 210.50 mg KOH/g (4 % KOH, back-titrated with HCl) and iodine value 75.43 (Wijs) are Hiane et al. Table 1 for the fresh-pulp oil, with acidity 0.83 % as oleic, refractive index 1.4609 (40 C) and peroxide 2.09 meq/kg. The saponification value is about 8 % above what Hiane's own composition implies (about 195) and above Antoniassi's composition-calculated 195-197 for Mac 1-3; that is inside this dataset's 12 % tolerance, so it is kept as the published value, but it is the figure to question first - if it is high, the lye is high by the same share for the macauba part of a recipe. Antoniassi's calculated iodine values are 78 (Mac 1) and 74 (Mac 3), consistent with Hiane's 75.43. Carotenes in the mesocarp oil: 30-240 mg/kg (Antoniassi 2020). Also consistent, not merged: Sant'Ana et al. 2023 (Nutrients 15(5):1252): palmitic 22.84, palmitoleic 5.93, stearic 1.23, oleic 49.32, linoleic 19.63, linolenic 1.05. No CosIng entry was found for the pulp oil (the kernel oil has one).
This record is part of the open ingredient database (ODbL). Found an error or a better primary source? The dataset is on GitHub; corrections with a document link are welcome.