Aceite de pulpa de macaúba
También: Aceite de pulpa de coyol, Aceite de pulpa de corozo.
Valores publicados
| Índice de saponificación | 210,5 mg KOH/g |
| Usado por la calculadora | 210,5 mg KOH/g (típico) |
| SAP para NaOH | 0,1501 g/g |
| Índice de yodo | 75,43 g I₂/100 g |
| INS (SAP − índice de yodo) | 135 |
| Punto de fusión | — |
| Materia insaponificable | — |
Una pastilla hecha 100 % de aceite de pulpa de macaúba
Cualidades convencionales sumadas a partir de los grupos de ácidos grasos; una pastilla de un solo aceite es una referencia, no una receta.
Perfil de ácidos grasos
| Ácido graso | Rango publicado, % | Usado | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ácido caprílico | C8:0 · saturados | 0,09–0,45 | 0,3 |
| Ácido cáprico | C10:0 · saturados | 0,03–0,27 | 0,2 |
| Ácido láurico | C12:0 · saturados | 0,09–1,97 | 1,0 |
| Ácido mirístico | C14:0 · saturados | 0,03–0,45 | 0,2 |
| Ácido palmítico | C16:0 · saturados | 10,1–27,77 | 18,9 |
| Ácido palmitoleico | C16:1 | 0,6–6,9 | 3,8 |
| Ácido esteárico | C18:0 · saturados | 0,5–5,92 | 3,2 |
| Ácido oleico | C18:1 | 50–70 | 60,0 |
| Ácido linoleico | C18:2 | 5,1–20 | 12,6 |
| Ácido α-linolénico | C18:3 n-3 | 0,8–3,09 | 1,9 |
| Ácido araquídico | C20:0 · saturados | ≤ 0,5 | 0,5 |
| Ácido gadoleico | C20:1 | ≤ 0,3 | 0,3 |
De dónde salen estos números
Las notas con fuente que aparecen debajo, y los títulos de los documentos que citan, se mantienen en su idioma original. Una cita traducida no se puede consultar, y un resumen técnico traducido ya no es el resumen que se contrastó con el documento.
Table 3 (fatty-acid profile of pulp oil, incl. the Antoniassi et al. 2013 range column). Read from word coordinates.
Pulp columns of Table 1 (saponification 210.50, iodine 75.43) and Table 2 (fatty acids). Read from word coordinates.
Table 2 (fatty acids by extraction solvent). Read from word coordinates.
The orange, high-oleic oil of the fruit pulp (mesocarp); the kernel gives a separate lauric oil. Fatty-acid ranges start from Antoniassi et al. 2020 (Rev. Bras. Frutic. 42(6):e-796; Embrapa), Table 3: the range for Brazilian genotypes from Antoniassi et al. (2013) printed in the table's fourth column - C14:0 0.03-0.18, C16:0 10.1-25.3, C16:1 0.6-6.9, C18:0 0.5-5.5, C18:1 50-70, C18:2 7.2-20, C20:0 0-0.2, C18:3 0.8-2.1, C20:1 0.02-0.22 - and the three sweet genotypes measured there, Mac 1 and Mac 3: C14:0 0.4/0.1, C15:0 0.05/nq, C16:0 22.1/22.8, C16:1 2.4/5.0, C17:0 0.07/nq, C17:1 0.1/0-0.1, C18:0 1.9/1.1, C18:1 58.1/62.5, C18:2 12.4/7.5, C20:0 0.2/0-0.1, C18:3 1.6/0.8, C20:1 0-0.3/nq. Mac 2 (C18:1 36.4, C18:2 35.0, C18:3 7.1) is a high-linoleic genotype the authors single out as unusual; it is left out of the ranges. In that paper C18:1 is 'the sum of C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 cis-11', so here 'oleic' includes vaccenic acid. The ranges are widened by two directly measured oils: Hiane et al. 2005 (Braz. J. Food Technol. 8(3):256-259), fresh-pulp oil from Mato Grosso do Sul, Table 2 (re-read from word coordinates): C8:0 0.45, C10:0 0.27, C12:0 1.97, C14:0 0.45, C16:0 15.96, C16:1 1.01, C18:0 5.92, C18:1 65.87, C18:2 5.10, C18:3 2.52, C20:0 0.50; and Trentini, Oliveira, Zanette & Silva 2016 (Ciencia Rural 46(4):725-731), fruits from Cariri, Ceara, low-pressure solvent extraction with ethyl acetate/n-hexane/isopropanol, Table 2: C8:0 0.27/0.13/0.09, C10:0 0.04/0.06/0.03, C12:0 0.09/0.11/0.11, C14:0 0.22/0.18/0.18, C16:0 27.77/27.39/27.24, C18:0 1.81/1.80/2.48, C18:1 61.03/61.15/60.17, C18:2 5.79/6.34/5.72, C18:3 2.96/2.81/3.09 (palmitoleic not reported). Saponification value 210.50 mg KOH/g (4 % KOH, back-titrated with HCl) and iodine value 75.43 (Wijs) are Hiane et al. Table 1 for the fresh-pulp oil, with acidity 0.83 % as oleic, refractive index 1.4609 (40 C) and peroxide 2.09 meq/kg. The saponification value is about 8 % above what Hiane's own composition implies (about 195) and above Antoniassi's composition-calculated 195-197 for Mac 1-3; that is inside this dataset's 12 % tolerance, so it is kept as the published value, but it is the figure to question first - if it is high, the lye is high by the same share for the macauba part of a recipe. Antoniassi's calculated iodine values are 78 (Mac 1) and 74 (Mac 3), consistent with Hiane's 75.43. Carotenes in the mesocarp oil: 30-240 mg/kg (Antoniassi 2020). Also consistent, not merged: Sant'Ana et al. 2023 (Nutrients 15(5):1252): palmitic 22.84, palmitoleic 5.93, stearic 1.23, oleic 49.32, linoleic 19.63, linolenic 1.05. No CosIng entry was found for the pulp oil (the kernel oil has one).
Esta ficha forma parte de la base de datos abierta de ingredientes (ODbL). ¿Ha encontrado un error o una fuente primaria mejor? El conjunto de datos está en GitHub; las correcciones con un enlace al documento son bienvenidas.