Grasso d’orso
Nome INCI: Bear Oil. Anche: Grasso di orso, Olio d’orso.
Calcola una saponetta 100 % grasso d’orso
È stechiometria su una composizione misurata, non una supposizione, ed è determinato con una precisione più o meno pari a quella di un valore pubblicato: nella verifica sui 35 oli del Codex in cui entrambi i campi provengono dalla stessa norma, il metodo ha un errore mediano dello 0,90 % e un 90° percentile del 2,74 %, senza distorsioni significative. La pagina delle formule mostra il calcolo. Se hai un certificato di analisi per il tuo lotto, inserisci il valore misurato nel calcolatore e questa stima viene messa da parte.
Valori pubblicati
| Indice di saponificazione | non pubblicato |
| Derivato dalla composizione | 195,2 ± 3 % mg KOH/g |
| Usato dal calcolatore | 195,2 mg KOH/g (derivato) |
| SAP per NaOH | 0,1391 g/g |
| Numero di iodio | — |
| INS (SAP − numero di iodio) | — |
| Punto di fusione | — |
| Sostanze insaponificabili | — |
Una saponetta 100 % grasso d’orso
Qualità convenzionali sommate a partire dai gruppi di acidi grassi; una saponetta di un solo olio è un punto di riferimento, non una ricetta.
Profilo degli acidi grassi
| Acido grasso | Intervallo pubblicato, % | Usato | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acido miristico | C14:0 · saturi | 0,61–1,93 (tipico 1,21) | 1,2 |
| Acido palmitico | C16:0 · saturi | 12,35–45,01 (tipico 25,33) | 25,3 |
| Acido stearico | C18:0 · saturi | 4,75–18,73 (tipico 8,65) | 8,7 |
| Acido oleico | C18:1 | 23,62–50,07 (tipico 39,63) | 39,6 |
| Acido linoleico | C18:2 | 2,94–39,79 (tipico 22,81) | 22,8 |
| Acido α-linolenico | C18:3 n-3 | 0–2,53 (tipico 1,08) | 1,1 |
Da dove vengono questi numeri
Le note con fonte qui sotto, e i titoli dei documenti che citano, restano nella lingua originale. Una citazione tradotta non si può rintracciare, e un riassunto tecnico tradotto non è più il riassunto che è stato verificato sul documento.
Table 2 'Fatty acid composition (mass % of total fatty acids) of 13 black bears killed in Colorado during spring and summer, 2004' (individual rows, mean and SE); Table 1 (sex, age, date, cause of death); Study area and methods; Results. Read with pdftotext; the -layout output misplaces the cis 18:1n-9 column, so the rows were read from the -raw output, where each row is intact.
Table 3 (fatty-acid group ratios and SFA of white adipose tissue) and the descriptions of Supplementary Tables S1-S2. Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML; no percent-of-total-fatty-acid profile is printed, so no figure is used.
Tables 2 and 3 (GC-MS fatty-acid composition of bear grease by simmering and by enzymatic digestion). Read through the Europe PMC JATS XML and rejected: peaks labelled 'analytical standard' and '9,12-octadecadiynoic acid'.
SOURCE: Thiemann, Stahl, Baruch-Mordo & Breck, 'Trans fatty acids provide evidence of anthropogenic feeding by black bears', Human-Wildlife Conflicts 2(2):183-193 (2008), Table 2: subcutaneous fat (a minimum 1-2 cm3 from the mid-section) of 13 American black bears (Ursus americanus) killed in western Colorado in late spring and summer (May-September) 2004 - 6 destroyed after breaking into dwellings or killing livestock, 5 in the road-kill category (one of them shot after being struck by a vehicle), 1 cub found dying of possible poisoning (category 'injury') and 1 hunter harvest; 8 males and 5 females, 0-12 years where aged; modified Folch extraction, HCl-methanol methylation, GC-MS on an Agilent HP-88 column with a 13:0 internal standard; mass % of total fatty acids. Only nine acids were identified, and 16:0, 18:0, cis 18:1n-9 and cis 18:2n-6 made up more than 95 % of every sample. 'typical' is the printed mean of the 13 bears; min/max are the extremes of the printed individual rows: 14:0 mean 1.21 (0.61 bear 4 - 1.93 bear 8), 16:0 25.33 (12.35 bear 4 - 45.01 bear 6), 18:0 8.65 (4.75 bear 10 - 18.73 bear 3), cis 18:1n-9 39.63 (23.62 bear 9 - 50.07 bear 13), cis 18:2n-6 22.81 (2.94 bear 3 - 39.79 bear 7), 18:3n-3 1.08 (0.00 bear 8 - 2.53 bear 9); SE of the means 0.11, 2.65, 0.98, 1.94, 3.73, 0.24. NOT MAPPED: trans 18:1n-9 mean 1.13 (0.00-2.53), trans 18:2n-6 0.14 (0.00-1.44), 20:3n-3 0.02 (0.00-0.13) - 1.29 % of the mean; elaidic acid is deliberately not folded into oleic. Mapped keys total 98.71 % of the mean. Palmitoleic acid (16:1) was not among the nine acids identified, so the record has no palmitoleic entry; if the fat carried some, the shares printed for the other acids are correspondingly high. DIET DRIVES THIS FAT. A bear is a monogastric omnivore and lays down dietary fatty acids with little change: linoleic acid runs from 2.94 to 39.79 % between individual bears, and the conflict bears, which had eaten human food, carried more trans fat (trans 18:1n-9 1.60 +/- 0.30 % against 0.73 +/- 0.34 % in the others). A bear fattened in autumn on mast, berries or fish will not match this summer sample. NO SAPONIFICATION VALUE, IODINE VALUE, MELTING POINT OR UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER could be sourced; this paper measured none. Also checked: Giroud et al., Front. Physiol. 10:389 (2019), subcutaneous white adipose tissue of Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos) in summer and in hibernation - the article tables give only fatty-acid group ratios (WAT SFA 44.08 % summer, 37.49 % winter) and its supplementary tables give concentrations (mmol/l) and proportions within the SFA, MUFA and PUFA classes, not percent of total fatty acids, so nothing is transcribed from it. Wang et al., Molecules 29(6):1311 (2024), bear grease of farmed Asiatic black bears (Selenarctos thibetanus) rendered by simmering or enzymatic digestion - read and rejected: its GC-MS tables label the largest peak 'analytical standard' (35.88 and 36.99 %) and list '9,12-octadecadiynoic acid' (16.76 and 15.26 %), a misidentification, and name neither oleic nor stearic acid, so the composition cannot be mapped (the same tables give palmitoleic 9.80 and 9.97 % and palmitic 19.75 and 19.7 %). Paywalled and not read: Can. J. Zool. (2001) 'Variation in the chemical composition of adipose tissue of three species of ursids' (DOI 10.1139/z01-101); Physiol. Biochem. Zool. (2017) on the subcutaneous adipose lipids of Croatian brown bears (DOI 10.1086/690913); J. Comp. Physiol. B (2021) on feeding and fasting bears (DOI 10.1007/s00360-021-01414-5). The calculator will derive a saponification value from the typical profile and label it derived. INCI is CosIng's entry for Bear Oil ('the oil derived from bear fat that has been boiled and filtered (Ursidae)'), which names no species; CosIng gives it no CAS or EC number.
Questa scheda fa parte della database aperto degli ingredienti (ODbL). Hai trovato un errore o una fonte primaria migliore? Il dataset è su GitHub; le correzioni con il link a un documento sono benvenute.