Olio di visone

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The fatty acids are an original analysis: Nieminen et al., PLoS ONE 13(9):e0204207 (2018), S1 Table, column 'American mink - Sampling'. White adipose tissue from the subcutaneous abdominal fat of farmed white American mink (Neovison vison), n = 8 males, Finland, taken after euthanasia in the regular pelting season; fatty acids of tissue total lipids by GC after transmethylation with 1 % H2SO4 in methanol. THE VALUES ARE MOL-% (moles of each acid per 100 moles of fatty acids, mean +/- SE), as the table prints them, not mass-%; they were not converted, because a converted figure is a number nobody published. A mass-% version would be slightly higher for the C18 to C22 acids and slightly lower for C14 and C16. The table lists 'selected fatty acids'. Mink column as printed: 14:0 4.021, 14:1n-9 0.020, 14:1n-7 0.069, 14:1n-5 0.433, 15:0i 0.104, 15:0ai 0.052, 15:0 0.268, 15:1n-6 0.023, 16:0i 0.051, 16:0 18.786, 16:1n-9 0.477, 16:1n-7 10.684, 16:1n-5 0.147, 17:0i 0.102, 17:0ai 0.128, 17:0 0.214, 17:1n-8 0.304, 18:0i 0.044, 18:0 3.329, 18:1n-9 33.626, 18:1n-7 2.936, 18:1n-5 0.103, 18:2n-6 14.928, 18:3n-3 2.171, 18:4n-3 0.406, 20:0 0.096, 20:1n-9 0.833, 20:1n-7 0.102, 20:2n-6 0.357, 20:3n-6 0.107, 20:4n-6 0.280, 20:3n-3 0.180, 20:4n-3 0.244, 22:0 0.016, 22:1n-11 0.088, 22:5n-3 0.416, 22:6n-3 1.736, 24:0 0.020; SFA 27.523, MUFA 50.297, PUFA 22.020, n-6 PUFA 15.905, n-3 PUFA 5.902. The listed acids add to 97.90 mol-%; the rest of the printed class sums, including 20:5n-3, is not itemised. Mapped by isomer: 16:1n-7 to palmitoleic, 18:1n-9 to oleic, 18:2n-6 to linoleic, 18:3n-3 to linolenic, 18:4n-3 to stearidonic. Not mapped: 16:1n-9 0.477 and 16:1n-5 0.147; cis-vaccenic 18:1n-7 2.936 and 18:1n-5 0.103; gondoic 20:1n-9 0.833 and 20:1n-7 0.102 (the gadoleic key is n-11, which is not printed); cetoleic 22:1n-11 0.088 (the erucic key is n-9, not printed); the C14:1 isomers 0.522; odd-chain, iso and anteiso acids 1.290 (15:0i, 15:0ai, 15:0, 15:1n-6, 16:0i, 17:0i, 17:0ai, 17:0, 17:1n-8, 18:0i); and 20:2n-6 0.357, 20:3n-6 0.107, 20:4n-6 0.280, 20:3n-3 0.180, 20:4n-3 0.244, 22:5n-3 0.416, 22:6n-3 1.736. The mapped acids total 88.08 mol-%, below the 95 % the derived-SAP estimator needs; a fish-fed carnivore's fat carries several percent of acids that have no key. Palmitoleic acid, for which mink oil is known, is 10.684 mol-% here. SAPONIFICATION AND IODINE VALUES ARE A SPECIFICATION QUOTED BY A COMPILATION, and flagged as such. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Mink Oil (Int. J. Toxicol. 24 Suppl. 3:57-64, 2005) states, citing the CTFA Compendium of Cosmetic Ingredient Composition - Specifications (Nikitakis and McEwen 1990): 'Mink Oil is a pale yellow liquid ... The refractive index at 25 C is between 1.4665 and 1.4675. The freezing point is 5 C maximum; the saponification value is 190 to 220; the iodine value is 80 to 90'. The Compendium itself could not be opened. These are trade specification bands for refined cosmetic mink oil, not measurements; the typical profile implies about 198 mg KOH/g, inside the band (its midpoint 205 is 3.5 % above). The same report gives specific gravity 0.91437 and refractive index 1.4623 at 40 C (SGS Control Services 1994), and specific gravity 0.9110 and refractive index 1.4680 at 25 C, moisture 0.0628 %, unsaponifiable matter 0.0012 % and insolubles 0.0002 % from one analysis (Jennings Laboratories 1999). That unsaponifiable figure is not used: 12 ppm cannot be right for a rendered animal fat, which carries cholesterol at around a tenth of a percent (Codex allows up to 1.0 to 1.2 % in lard and tallow), so unsaponifiablePercent is null. meltingPointC is null because only a freezing point is printed. For comparison, not used for the profile: Table 1 of the same report, 'Fatty acid composition of two Mink Oils (CTFA 1994)', one supplier (the 1998 report credits the table to Emulan Inc.), 'as %', Mink Wax Oil / Mink Crude Oil: lauric 0.1/0.1, myristic 4.0/3.5, myristoleic 0.7/0.9, pentadecanoic 0.2/0.1, palmitic 28.0/17.2, C16:1 (printed 'Palmitic 16/1') 13.3/17.0, heptadecanoic 0.5/0.4, C17:1 0.6/0.5, stearic 4.7/2.5, oleic 35.3/40.9, linoleic 10.6/15.0, linolenic 0.4/0.6, eicosanoic 0.1/-, C20:1 0.7/0.6; total 99.2/99.3; unsaturated 61.6/75.5, saturated 37.6/23.8. It is a compilation of a supplier's figures with no method, date or basis stated, so the original analysis is preferred. Its crude oil is richer in palmitoleic (17.0 %) and oleic (40.9 %) than the Finnish mink, which is the variation between animals, diets and refining that a single analysis cannot show. The report describes manufacture (EMULAN Inc. 1990): fat scraped from the hides of ranch mink, rendered at 220 to 240 F for at least 5 h, the saturated fat separated from the unsaturated by filtration, free fatty acids removed by saponification, then bleached and clarified with diatomaceous earth. Cosmetic mink oil is therefore the liquid fraction of the rendered fat, while the profile recorded here is the whole adipose tissue, so the oil sold will be somewhat less saturated than these figures. Checked and not usable: two mink-oil shop websites (minkoilforskincare.com and pureminkoil.com) print the same unattributed 'Gent laboratory' analysis (C16:1 15.00 %, iodine value 84-89, saponification number 195-200) on product and blog pages, which are not primary documents. Not reachable (paywalled): Can. J. Biochem. 1966 'Fatty acid composition of normal mink tissues', Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 2007 on central and peripheral adipose tissue of the American mink, Acta Agric. Scand. 1989 on dietary fat and mink body fat, and a 1998 Sun Yat-sen University paper on carcass fat of mink, fox and raccoon dog. The CIR packet's pages carry the stamp 'Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote'; the 2005 report reproduced in it is the published journal article, which is what is cited. INCI, CAS and EC are CosIng's entry for Mink Oil ('an oil obtained from the sub-dermal fatty tissues of the mink'), the name the CIR report uses.

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