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Huiles

Huile de ximenia

Nom INCI : Ximenia Americana Seed Oil.

Calculer un savon 100 % huile de ximenia

Valeurs publiées

Indice de saponification165,2–175 mg KOH/g
Utilisé par le calculateur170,1 mg KOH/g (milieu de plage)
Indice pour le NaOH0,1213 g/g
Indice d’iode77,4–90 g I₂/100 g
INS (SAP − indice d’iode)86
Point de fusion—
Matière insaponifiable1,3–1,4 %

Un savon fait à 100 % de huile de ximenia

Dureté 2 en dessous de 29–54
Pouvoir lavant 0 en dessous de 12–22
Douceur 35 en dessous de 44–69
Mousse bulleuse 0 en dessous de 14–46
Mousse crémeuse 2 en dessous de 16–48

Qualités conventionnelles additionnées à partir des groupes d’acides gras ; un savon à une seule huile est un repère, pas une recette.

Cette fiche est contestée. The published analyses of ximenia oil disagree on what it is made of. A 2019 GC-MS study of Angolan oils found 5-7 % ximenynic acid and about half the oil in C20-C30 acids; analyses from 1954 and 1979 found 22-27 % ximenynic acid. Only about 45 % of the oil fits this calculator's fatty-acid list, so the soap qualities computed from it are unreliable. The saponification value (165-175) is from the older analyses, because the 2019 paper's own values (222-295) are impossible for an oil this rich in long chains. Treat the lye figure as approximate and ask your supplier for a measured saponification value.

Profil d’acides gras

Acide grasPlage publiée, %Utilisé
Acide palmitique C16:0 · saturés 1,13–1,81 1,5
Acide palmitoléique C16:1 0,01–0,06 0,0
Acide stéarique C18:0 · saturés 0,8–0,99 0,9
Acide oléique C18:1 31,82–36,15 34,0
Acide linoléique C18:2 ≤ 0,65 0,7
Acide arachidique C20:0 · saturés 0,28–0,38 0,3
Acide gadoléique C20:1 1,59–2,09 1,8
Acide béhénique C22:0 · saturés 1,15–1,18 1,2
Acide érucique C22:1 1,97–2,44 2,2
Acide lignocérique C24:0 · saturés 2,63–3,52 3,1

D’où viennent ces nombres

Les notes sourcées ci-dessous, ainsi que les titres des documents qu’elles citent, sont conservées dans leur langue d’origine. Une référence traduite ne peut plus être retrouvée, et un résumé technique traduit n’est plus le résumé qui a été vérifié par rapport au document.

MDPI (Biomolecules), open access via PubMed Central — Satoto G, Fernandes AS, Saraiva N, Santos F, Neng N, Nogueira JM, Santos de Almeida T, Araujo ME. 'An Overview on the Properties of Ximenia Oil Used as Cosmetic in Angola.' Biomolecules 10(1):18 (2020). DOI 10.3390/biom10010018. · document daté du 2019-12-20 · consulté le 2026-09-24

Table 2 (fatty-acid methyl esters by GC-MS); its Table 1 saponification and iodine values are rejected (see notes).

PlantFAdb (Michigan State University), based on the Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database of the Max Rubner-Institut — PlantFAdb dataset for Ximenia americana var. microphylla (plant 16002) · consulté le 2026-09-24

Dataset #11939, Ligthelm et al. 1954 (SOFA TAB_009499): saponification 165.2, iodine 77.4, unsaponifiable 1.4 %.

PlantFAdb (Michigan State University), based on the Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database of the Max Rubner-Institut — PlantFAdb dataset for Ximenia caffra (plant 16003) · consulté le 2026-09-24

Dataset #11940, Ligthelm et al. 1954 (SOFA TAB_009497): saponification 170.4, iodine 83.0, unsaponifiable 1.4 %.

PlantFAdb (Michigan State University), based on the Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database of the Max Rubner-Institut — PlantFAdb dataset for Ximenia caffra var. natalensis (plant 16001) · consulté le 2026-09-24

Dataset #11938, Ligthelm et al. 1954 (SOFA TAB_009498): saponification 172.8, iodine 79.7, unsaponifiable 1.3 %.

PlantFAdb (Michigan State University), based on the Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database of the Max Rubner-Institut — PlantFAdb dataset for Ximenia americana (plant 16951) · consulté le 2026-09-24

Dataset #10565 (1979; SOFA TAB_014655): saponification 175.0, iodine 90.0.

PlantFAdb (Michigan State University), based on the Seed Oil Fatty Acids (SOFA) database of the Max Rubner-Institut — PlantFAdb datasets for Ximenia americana (plant 10665) · consulté le 2026-09-24

Dataset #23687, 'Identification of very long chain unsaturated fatty acids from Ximenia oil by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy' (2007).

THE FATTY-ACID PROFILE CANNOT BE COMPLETE IN THIS SCHEMA. Ximenia oil is built largely from acids the schema has no key for: ximenynic acid (octadec-11-en-9-ynoic, an acetylenic C18) and very-long-chain C24-C30 acids. The keyed acids above add up to only about 45 % of the oil, so no saponification value can be derived from them, and anything computed from the keyed profile describes less than half the oil. Profile: Satoto et al. 2019 (Biomolecules 10(1):18), Angolan Ximenia americana from Bibala, Namibe province: a locally produced oil bought there (LPO), a laboratory copy of the artisanal process (PAO) and a Soxhlet/n-pentane extract (SEO); Table 2 (GC-MS, FAME), LPO/PAO/SEO: 7-hexadecenoic 0.05/0.05/0.01; palmitoleic 0.06/0.02/0.01; palmitic 1.81/1.31/1.13; oleic 31.82/33.99/36.15; stearic 0.99/0.89/0.80; stearolic (9-octadecynoic) 0.26/nd/nd; linoleic nd/0.65/nd; 6,9- and 7,10-octadecadienoic up to 0.08; XIMENYNIC ('xymenicic') 5.89/6.66/5.17; gondoic (C20:1) 2.09/1.81/1.59; arachidic 0.33/0.38/0.28; 11,14-eicosadienoic nd/1.73/nd; erucic 2.42/2.44/1.97; behenic 1.18/1.18/1.15; NERVONIC (C24:1) 11.09/10.15/10.64; lignoceric 2.98/2.63/3.52; XIMENIC (C26:1) 10.22/9.32/9.87; CEROTIC (C26:0) 2.79/2.38/3.97; HEXACOSA-17,20,23-TRIENOIC (C26:3) 14.59/12.79/14.51; MONTANIC (C28:0) 0.92/1.25/3.00; 21-TRIACONTENOIC (C30:1, 'lumepueic' in the paper) 2.50/2.18/nd; identified 92.08/91.83/93.76 %; chains of 20 carbons or more 51.10/48.24/50.47 %. Unkeyed share in these oils: ximenynic 5.2-6.7 %, nervonic 10.2-11.1 %, C26:1 9.3-10.2 %, C26:3 12.8-14.6 %, C26:0 2.4-4.0 %, C28:0 0.9-3.0 %, C30:1 up to 2.5 %, C20:2 up to 1.7 %, plus 6-8 % unidentified. REJECTED from the same paper: saponification 221.76/229.67/295.00 and iodine 227.12/281.51/227.12 (Table 1). With half the oil in C20-C30 chains the saponification value has to be well below an ordinary seed oil's, not above; the paper's 'mean molecular weight' of 741-758 g/mol contradicts its own composition too. Saponification and iodine values are instead the older analyses transcribed in PlantFAdb: Ligthelm et al. 1954, 'A chemical study of the fruits of 3 South African Ximenia species, with special reference to the kernel oils' - X. caffra: saponification 170.4, iodine 83.0, unsaponifiable 1.4 %, acid value 2.5, ximenynic 24.3, oleic 32.5 %; X. americana var. microphylla: saponification 165.2, iodine 77.4, unsaponifiable 1.4 %, ximenynic 21.9, oleic 35.8 %; X. caffra var. natalensis: saponification 172.8, iodine 79.7, unsaponifiable 1.3 %, ximenynic 22.0, oleic 40.5 %; and 'Impiego cosmetologico dell'olio e dei fiori di Ximenia americana Linnaeus' (1979): saponification 175.0, iodine 90.0, ximenynic 26.5, oleic 54.0, stearic 3.3 %. Those analyses found three to four times more ximenynic acid (22-26.5 %) than the 2019 GC-MS (5.2-6.7 %); the difference is not resolved here, and it is the main reason the profile should be read as indicative. Rezanka & Sigler 2007 (X. americana, in PlantFAdb) list 28 acids including C24:1 4.68, C26:1 6.77, C28:1 9.68 and C30:1 5.36 %; their 21.34 % entry labelled linoleic in PlantFAdb is not used.

Cette fiche fait partie de la base d’ingrédients ouverte (ODbL). Vous avez trouvé une erreur ou une meilleure source primaire ? Le jeu de données est sur GitHub ; les corrections accompagnées d’un lien vers un document sont bienvenues.